[IGCC2015] 消化道肿瘤肝转移与腹膜转移的多学科治疗-巴西声音——Felipe José Fernández Coimbra教授访谈
我们都知道,手术是胃癌和结直肠癌的主要治疗手段,但针对发生转移的消化道肿瘤该如何治疗是个极其有争议的话题。我们就此话题采访了巴西圣保罗A. C. Camargo癌症中心的Felipe José Fernández Coimbra教授。
结直肠癌肝转移的综合治疗准则
Dr Coimbra:对于结直肠癌肝转移的患者采用综合治疗的主要原则是首先要对疾病进行系统性的控制。将肝脏和疾病的其他问题分开是非常重要的。当然,当肝转移可切除时手术也是非常重要的一个手段。当我们将手术和系统性治疗结合在一起时,我们就可以得到更好的结果,更好的总生存期以及疾病控制情况。手术必须按照肿瘤学的手术原则去完成,这就包括切缘阴性和立体切除。如果患者还有很多其他的疾病,对于剩余肝脏的考虑也是非常重要的。因为这不仅仅是你切除了什么,更重要的是你还剩下来什么,因为剩下来的肝脏需要维持患者正常生活,并使其能接受全身治疗。
如何更好地发现胃癌患者的腹膜转移情况?
Dr Coimbra:对于进展期胃癌,腹膜转移是个很严重的问题。很重要的一个方面是当今的影像学检查很难发现腹膜转移。在手术前我们有必要对患者做个可视性的腹腔镜检查术。如果我们考虑给患者做新辅助治疗,我们最好在新辅助治疗前给患者做腹腔镜检查术。一旦我们发现了腹膜转移,整个治疗计划就要发生彻底地改变。比如我们需要给患者加上曲妥珠单抗,以提供一种不同的化疗方案。如果这个患者术前做过系统的化疗并且反应效果很好,我们还可以在手术的时候进行腹腔内热灌注治疗。
针对发生腹膜转移的胃癌患者,可采用怎样的治疗提高患者的生存率?
Dr Coimbra:有关胃癌患者发生腹膜转移的治疗和疗效,我们可以通过一些措施改善他们的生存和疾病控制情况,这些措施包括:全身治疗中联合用药或者使用新抗体来达到更好的疾病缓解;减瘤手术,特别是那些 对既往化疗反应敏感的患者;还有腹腔内热灌注治疗。如果我们认真地选择适合的患者接受以上的这些治疗措施,患者可以明显改善生存。即使是很晚期的患者,通过以上措施,也有可能获得相比五到十年前更好的疾病控制。
访谈原文:
Oncology Frontier: We all know that surgery is the main treatment of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, but the treatment for metastatic gastrointestinal tumor is still a very controversial topic. Can you explain the principles of the comprehensive treatment of colorectal liver metastases?
《肿瘤瞭望》:我们都知道手术是胃癌和结直肠癌的主要治疗手段,但针对发生转移的消化道肿瘤该如何治疗是个极其有争议的话题。您能先和大家谈一下结直肠癌肝转移的综合治疗准则是什么吗?
Dr Coimbra:The main principles of the comprehensive treatment of colorectal liver metastases are to first have systemic control of the disease. It is important for us to separate the liver from the rest of the disease. Of course, surgery has a major role nowadays when it is resectable. It has been shown that when we can combine surgery and systemic treatment, that is where there will be the best results and best overall survival and disease control. The surgery must be done following oncological surgical principles, which include good margins and three-dimensional resection. In situations where there is massive disease it is also very important to consider the remnant liver. It is not only about what you resect but also what you leave behind so that patients can resume a normal life and systemic treatment.
Dr Coimbra:对于结直肠癌肝转移的患者采用综合治疗的主要原则是首先要对疾病进行系统性的控制。将肝脏和疾病的其他问题分开是非常重要的。当然,当肝转移可切除时手术也是非常重要的一个手段。当我们将手术和系统性治疗结合在一起时,我们就可以得到更好的结果,更好的总生存期以及疾病控制情况。手术必须按照肿瘤学的手术原则去完成,这就包括切缘阴性和立体切除。如果患者还有很多其他的疾病,对于剩余肝脏的考虑也是非常重要的。因为这不仅仅是你切除了什么,更重要的是你还剩下来什么,因为剩下来的肝脏需要维持患者正常生活,并使其能接受全身治疗。
Oncology Frontier: During surgery, we found a lot of advanced gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis which cannot have radical excision, mainly because it is very difficult to accurately judge whether patients have preoperative peritoneal metastases or not via CT. How can we improve the detection rate of peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer patients?
《肿瘤瞭望》:在手术台上,我们发现很多晚期胃癌患者会发生腹膜转移,导致无法做根治性切除,主要是因为术前很难通过CT准确判断患者是否发生腹膜转移。您觉得该如何更好地发现胃癌患者的腹膜转移情况?
Dr Coimbra:Peritoneal metastasis is a big issue in advanced gastric cancer. One thing that is very important is that imaging today is still very poor at detecting peritoneal metastases. It is essential to do visual laparoscopy before surgery or if we are considering neoadjuvant treatment, we are doing it prior to neoadjuvant treatment. Once we detect peritoneal metastases, the treatment plan changes completely. We need to offer a different type of chemotherapy adding trastuzumab, for example. We can also offer the patient HIPEC at the time of surgery, particularly if the patient responds to the systemic chemotherapy that should be done before surgery.
Dr Coimbra:对于进展期胃癌,腹膜转移是个很严重的问题。很重要的一个方面是当今的影像学检查很难发现腹膜转移。在手术前我们有必要对患者做个可视性的腹腔镜检查术。如果我们考虑给患者做新辅助治疗,我们最好在新辅助治疗前给患者做腹腔镜检查术。一旦我们发现了腹膜转移,整个治疗计划就要发生彻底地改变。比如我们需要给患者加上曲妥珠单抗,以提供一种不同的化疗方案。如果这个患者术前做过系统的化疗并且反应效果很好,我们还可以在手术的时候进行腹腔内热灌注治疗。
Oncology Frontier: Relative to colorectal cancer, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is worse. What kind of treatment should we adopt to improve the survival rate of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis?
《肿瘤瞭望》:胃癌患者相对结直肠癌预后较差,针对发生腹膜转移的胃癌患者,我们该采用怎样的治疗提高患者的生存率?
Dr Coimbra:Regarding the treatment and results for patients with peritoneal disease from gastric cancer, things we can offer to improve survival and disease control are: better systemic treatment with combinations of drugs and new antibodies that could lead to a better response; cytoreductive surgery, particularly if the patient responds to previous chemotherapy; and also HIPEC with intraperitoneal chemotherapy. With these strategies we can achieve much better survival if we select patients carefully. Even where they have very advanced disease, it is possible to achieve better control of disease than we could five or ten years ago.
Dr Coimbra:有关胃癌患者发生腹膜转移的治疗和疗效,我们可以通过一些措施改善他们的生存和疾病控制情况,这些措施包括:全身治疗中联合用药或者使用新抗体来达到更好的疾病缓解;减瘤手术,特别是那些 对既往化疗反应敏感的患者;还有腹腔内热灌注治疗。如果我们认真地选择适合的患者接受以上的这些治疗措施,患者可以明显改善生存。即使是很晚期的患者,通过以上措施,也有可能获得相比五到十年前更好的疾病控制。